AVIZONE SB 1.5

AVIZONE SB 1.5

Introduction

AVIZONE SB 1.5 is a broad-spectrum antibiotic injection combining Cefoperazone (1000 mg), a third-generation cephalosporin, with Sulbactam (500 mg), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. This synergistic combination enhances antimicrobial efficacy by overcoming bacterial resistance caused by beta-lactamase enzymes. AVIZONE SB 1.5 is indicated for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, septicemia, bone and joint infections, gynecological infections, and more.

This dual-component formulation is particularly valuable in clinical settings where multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are prevalent, as it broadens the antibacterial spectrum and improves patient outcomes.

Pharmacological Overview

1. Cefoperazone (1000 mg)

   • Class: Third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

   • Mechanism of Action:
     Cefoperazone exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), preventing peptidoglycan cross-linking, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

   • Spectrum of Activity:

     • Broad-spectrum coverage including Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.).

     • Resistant to many beta-lactamases but can be inactivated by certain extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).

2. Sulbactam (500 mg)

   • Class: Beta-lactamase inhibitor.

   • Mechanism of Action:
     Sulbactam irreversibly binds to beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria, preventing the degradation of cefoperazone. This allows the antibiotic to maintain its potency against resistant strains.

   • Additional Activity:
     Sulbactam has intrinsic antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter species, making this combination highly effective against resistant nosocomial infections.

Together, these agents provide synergistic antibacterial action, making AVIZONE SB 1.5 a preferred choice for treating severe and hospital-acquired infections.

Indications

AVIZONE SB 1.5 Injection is indicated for the treatment of:

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscesses, and infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

• Intra-Abdominal Infections: Peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses, cholangitis, and cholecystitis.

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Complicated and uncomplicated UTIs caused by resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

• Septicemia: Bacteremia and sepsis due to susceptible organisms.

• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Cellulitis, wound infections, diabetic foot infections.

• Bone and Joint Infections: Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis.

• Gynecological Infections: Endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, post-surgical infections.

• Nosocomial Infections: Particularly in intensive care settings where multidrug-resistant strains are common.

• Mixed Infections: Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Dosage and Administration

• Adult Dose:

  • Typical dose: 2–4 g of Cefoperazone per day (with appropriate Sulbactam ratio), administered in divided doses every 12 hours.

  • For severe infections, the dose may be increased up to 8 g/day.

• Pediatric Dose:

  • 50–200 mg/kg/day (Cefoperazone component), given in divided doses every 8–12 hours.

• Route of Administration:

  • Intravenous (IV) infusion or deep intramuscular (IM) injection.

• Reconstitution:
  Reconstitute the vial with sterile water for injection or compatible IV fluids as per manufacturer instructions.

• Renal and Hepatic Impairment:
  Dose adjustment is required in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.

• Treatment duration varies depending on infection severity and clinical response.

Mechanism of Action Summary

• Cefoperazone: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, causing bacterial cell death.

• Sulbactam: Inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes, preventing inactivation of cefoperazone.
  This dual mechanism ensures broad-spectrum coverage and resistance protection.

Spectrum of Activity

AVIZONE SB 1.5 is active against a wide range of microorganisms:

• Gram-positive Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible).

• Gram-negative Bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Haemophilus influenzae.

• Anaerobic Bacteria: Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.

• Other: Acinetobacter species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Advantages of AVIZONE SB 1.5

1. Broad-spectrum coverage: Effective against both aerobic and anaerobic pathogens.

2. Beta-lactamase protection: Sulbactam ensures cefoperazone remains active against resistant strains.

3. Excellent tissue penetration: Reaches therapeutic concentrations in blood, urine, lungs, bile, bones, and soft tissues.

4. Flexibility in dosing: Can be used in severe infections and in critically ill patients.

5. Reduced resistance development: Combination reduces selection pressure for resistance.

Side Effects

As with all antibiotics, AVIZONE SB 1.5 may cause some side effects, usually mild and reversible:

• Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort.

• Hypersensitivity: Rash, urticaria, pruritus, rare anaphylaxis.

• Hematologic: Transient leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia.

• Hepatic: Elevated liver enzymes in some patients.

• Local Reactions: Pain or irritation at the injection site.

• Rare: Superinfections (e.g., candidiasis), pseudomembranous colitis.

Contraindications

• Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillins, or beta-lactam antibiotics.

• Use cautiously in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

• Not recommended for patients with a history of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Drug Interactions

• Concurrent use with alcohol may cause a disulfiram-like reaction.

• Aminoglycosides and other nephrotoxic drugs may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.

• Anticoagulants: May enhance bleeding risk; monitor prothrombin time.

• Other antibiotics: Avoid unnecessary combination therapy to prevent antagonistic effects.

Precautions

• Perform sensitivity testing before initiating therapy.

• Use with caution in pregnant and lactating women.

• Monitor renal and liver function during prolonged therapy.

• Complete the prescribed treatment course to prevent relapse and resistance.

Storage

• Store below 25°C in a cool, dry place.

• Protect from light and moisture.

• Use immediately after reconstitution.

Conclusion

AVIZONE SB 1.5 Injection is a powerful, broad-spectrum antibiotic combination designed to treat severe bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. By pairing Cefoperazone (a potent third-generation cephalosporin) with Sulbactam (a beta-lactamase inhibitor), this formulation offers superior efficacy, enhanced resistance protection, and versatility in both hospital and outpatient settings.

Its ability to target a wide variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria makes AVIZONE SB 1.5 a preferred choice for complicated infections. Clinicians can rely on this product for rapid infection control, minimized risk of treatment failure, and better patient outcomes.